About the Authors
- Eeva M. Soininen
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* E-mail: eeva.soininen@uit.no
Affiliation Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Gilles Gauthier
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Affiliation Département de Biologie & Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Frédéric Bilodeau
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Affiliation Département de Biologie & Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Dominique Berteaux
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Affiliation Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique & Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
- Ludovic Gielly
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Affiliation Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Grenoble, France
- Pierre Taberlet
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Affiliation Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Grenoble, France
- Galina Gussarova
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Affiliations Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Botany, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Eva Bellemain
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Affiliations Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, SPYGEN, Savoie Technolac, Le Bourget du Lac, France
- Kristian Hassel
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Affiliation NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Hans K. Stenøien
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Affiliation NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Laura Epp
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Affiliation Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Audun Schrøder-Nielsen
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Affiliation Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Christian Brochmann
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Affiliation Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nigel G. Yoccoz
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Affiliation Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Competing Interests
Ludovic Gielly and Pierre Taberlet are co-inventors of a patent concerning g-h primers and the subsequent use of the P6 loop of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron for plant identification using degraded template DNA. The patent has the following numbers: CA 2581347 (Canada Patent), 2006/040448 (PCT Patent), EP1797201 (EPO Patent), 20090081646 and 20110143354 (both United States Patent Application). These patents, titled “Universal primers and their use for detecting and identifying plant materials in complex mixtures”, only restrict commercial applications and have no impact on the use of this locus by academic researchers. Eva Bellemain is employed by SPYGEN. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: EMS G. Gauthier FB DB NGY LG PT. Performed the experiments: EMS FB LG PT. Analyzed the data: EMS G. Gauthier NGY. Wrote the paper: EMS G. Gauthier FB DB NGY LG PT G. Gussarova EB. Created the reference library for bryophytes: G. Gussarova EB CB KH HKS LE ASN.