About the Authors

Wissem Ghawar

Contributed equally to this work with: Wissem Ghawar, Hanène Attia

WG and HA are first authors on this work.

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Service of Medical Epidemiology, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Hanène Attia

Contributed equally to this work with: Wissem Ghawar, Hanène Attia

WG and HA are first authors on this work.

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Jihene Bettaieb

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Service of Medical Epidemiology, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Rihab Yazidi

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Service of Medical Epidemiology, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Dhafer Laouini

dhafer.laouini@pasteur.rns.tn (DL); bensalah@pasteur.rns.tn (AB)

‡ DL and AB co-directed this study.

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Afif Ben Salah

dhafer.laouini@pasteur.rns.tn (DL); bensalah@pasteur.rns.tn (AB)

‡ DL and AB co-directed this study.

Affiliations Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Service of Medical Epidemiology, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WG HA DL AB. Performed the experiments: WG HA. Analyzed the data: WG HA JB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JB RY. Wrote the paper: WG HA DL AB.