About the Authors

Ying-Ren Chen

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taiwan

Kuo-Wei Hung

Contributed equally to this work with: Kuo-Wei Hung, Jui-Chen Tsai

KWH and JCT are first authors on this work.

Affiliation Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Jui-Chen Tsai

Contributed equally to this work with: Kuo-Wei Hung, Jui-Chen Tsai

KWH and JCT are first authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Hsin Chu

Affiliations Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

Min-Huey Chung

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taiwan

Su-Ru Chen

Affiliation School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Yuan-Mei Liao

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taiwan

Keng-Liang Ou

Affiliations Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Yue-Cune Chang

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan

Kuei-Ru Chou

kueiru@tmu.edu.tw

Affiliations Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taiwan, Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YRC KWH JCT HC KLO SRC YCC KRC. Performed the experiments: YRC KWH JCT MHC SRC YML YCC KRC. Analyzed the data: YRC KWH JCT HC KLO SRC YCC KRC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YRC KWH JCT HC YML KLO KRC. Wrote the paper: YRC KWH JCT HC MHC KRC.