About the Authors

Xiao Lu

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Zhen-Du Zhang

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Xiaomei Guo

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Jenny Susana Choy

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Junrong Yang

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Mark Svendsen

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Ghassan Kassab

gkassab@iupui.edu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Surgery, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XL GK. Wrote the paper: XL ZDZ GK. Animal Surgery: XL ZDZ XG JSC MS. Ultrasonic image and physiological analysis: ZDZ XL JSC MS. Functional and molecular analysis: XL JY ZDZ.