About the Authors

Suzanna C. Francis

suzanna.francis@lshtm.ac.uk

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Trong T. Ao

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Fiona M. Vanobberghen

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Joseph Chilongani

Affiliations Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Ramadhan Hashim

Affiliation Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Aura Andreasen

Affiliations Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Deborah Watson-Jones

Affiliations Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

John Changalucha

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Saidi Kapiga

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Richard J. Hayes

Affiliation MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: J. Changalucha RJH SK DW. Performed the experiments: TTA J. Chilongani SCF SK AA. Analyzed the data: FMV. Wrote the paper: SCF TTA. Responsible for data management: RH. Reviewed and approved the final manuscript: SCF TTA FMV J. Chilongani RH AA DW J. Changalucha SK RJH.