About the Authors

Luzhao Feng

Contributed equally to this work with: Luzhao Feng, Zhongjie Li, Shiwen Zhao

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Zhongjie Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Luzhao Feng, Zhongjie Li, Shiwen Zhao

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Shiwen Zhao

Contributed equally to this work with: Luzhao Feng, Zhongjie Li, Shiwen Zhao

Affiliation Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China

Harish Nair

Affiliations Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India

Shengjie Lai

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Wenbo Xu

Affiliation National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Mengfeng Li

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

Jianguo Wu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Lili Ren

Affiliation Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Wei Liu

Affiliation Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China

Zhenghong Yuan

Affiliation Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China

Yu Chen

Affiliation State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Xinhua Wang

Affiliation Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China

Zhuo Zhao

Affiliation Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China

Honglong Zhang

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Fu Li

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

Xianfei Ye

Affiliation Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China

Sa Li

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Daniel Feikin

Affiliation Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Hongjie Yu

yangwz@chinacdc.cn (WY); yuhj@chinacdc.cn (HY)

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Weizhong Yang

yangwz@chinacdc.cn (WY); yuhj@chinacdc.cn (HY)

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HY WY. Performed the experiments: SZ S. Lai WX ML JW LR WL ZY YC XW ZZ HZ. Analyzed the data: LF ZL S. Lai HZ FL XY S. Li DF HY WY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LF ZL S. Lai HZ FL XY S. Li HY WY. Wrote the paper: LF ZL HN HY WY.