About the Authors

Hugh MacPherson

hugh.macpherson@york.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Emily Vertosick

Affiliation Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

George Lewith

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Klaus Linde

Affiliation Institute of General Practice, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Karen J. Sherman

Affiliation Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Claudia M. Witt

Affiliations Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

Andrew J. Vickers

Affiliation Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

on behalf of the Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration

Membership of the Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: AV EV. Wrote the paper: HM AV EV. Co-ordinated the development and conduct of the study: HM. Designed the study: AV. Gave input on the design of the study: HM CW GL KL KS. Wrote first draft of the Methods and Results sections: AV EV. Wrote first draft of the manuscript as a whole: HM. Gave comments on early drafts and approved the final version of the manuscript: HM EV GL KL KS CW AV. Had full access to all of the data in the study, takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis: AV.