About the Authors

Kiran Vasudeva

Affiliation Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Karl Andersen

Affiliation Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Bree Zeyzus-Johns

Affiliation Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

T. Kevin Hitchens

Affiliation NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Sravan Kumar Patel

Affiliation Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Anthony Balducci

Affiliation Department of Research and Development, Celsense, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unite States of America

Jelena M. Janjic

Affiliation Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

John A. Pollock

pollock@duq.edu

Affiliation Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

Anthony Balducci is employed by Celsense Inc, Pittsburgh, PA. V-Sense DM NIR is produced and marketed by Celsense Inc, Pittsburgh, PA. This relationship with Celsense Inc. does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KV JMJ JAP. Performed the experiments: KV KA BZ-J SKP TKH JAP. Analyzed the data: KV KA BZ-J SKP TKH JMJ JAP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AB TKH JMJ JAP. Wrote the paper: KV JMJ JAP.