About the Authors

Yanyan Huang

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Michelle Wille

Current address: Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Ashley Dobbin

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Natasha M. Walzthöni

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Gregory J. Robertson

Affiliation Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Davor Ojkic

Affiliation Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Hugh Whitney

Affiliation Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Andrew S. Lang

aslang@mun.ca

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YH MW GJR HW ASL. Performed the experiments: YH MW AD NMW. Analyzed the data: YH MW AD NMW ASL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GJR DO HW. Wrote the paper: YH MW GJR DO HW ASL.