About the Authors

Matthew W. Dray

draymw@cardiff.ac.uk

Affiliation Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Thomas W. Crowther

Affiliations Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Stephen M. Thomas

Affiliation Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

A. Donald A’Bear

Affiliation Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Douglas L. Godbold

Affiliation Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria

Steve J. Ormerod

Affiliation Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Susan E. Hartley

Affiliation York Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom

T. Hefin Jones

Affiliation Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MWD TWC SMT ADA THJ. Performed the experiments: MWD SEH. Analyzed the data: MWD TWC SMT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DLG SJO SEH. Wrote the paper: MWD. Wrote initial manuscript: MWD. Drafting and revising initial manuscript: MWD TWC SMT ADA DLG SJO SEH THJ.