About the Authors

Nadia Elia

nadia.elia@hcuge.ch

Affiliations Division of Anaesthesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, and Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland

Elizabeth Wager

Affiliation Sideview, Princes Risborough, United Kingdom

Martin R. Tramèr

Affiliation Division of Anaesthesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, and Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Competing Interests

MRT is the editor-in-chief and NE is an associate editor of the European Journal of Anaesthesiology which has retracted eight articles by Boldt. EW is an author of the COPE guidelines on retraction and is a self-employed consultant who provides training on publication ethics, she was Chair of COPE (2009-12) this was an unpaid position, she is a member of the Ethics Committee of the BMJ and has received travel expenses from COPE and the BMJ. She has acted as a paid consultant to BMJ Group, Wiley-Blackwell, and Elsevier and been paid to speak at meetings run by Springer. This does not affect the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The authors declare that they received no support from any organization for the submitted work; have no financial relationships with any other organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NE MRT. Performed the experiments: NE MRT. Analyzed the data: NE MRT EW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NE MRT EW. Wrote the paper: NE MRT EW. Read and approved the final manuscript: NE MRT EW.