About the Authors

Janne Boone-Heinonen

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Ana V. Diez-Roux

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

David C. Goff

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Catherine M. Loria

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Catarina I. Kiefe

Affiliation Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Barry M. Popkin

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Penny Gordon-Larsen

* Email: gordon_larsen@unc.edu

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JBH PGL. Analyzed the data: JBH. Wrote the manuscript: JBH PGL. Critical review of manuscript: ADR DCG CML CIK BMP Provided feedback on analytical approach: ADR.