About the Authors

Annette Carola Anderson

Affiliation Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Ali Al-Ahmad

ali.al-ahmad@uniklinik-freiburg.de

Affiliation Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Fadil Elamin

Affiliation Khartoum Center for Research and Medical Training, Khartoum, Sudan

Daniel Jonas

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Yousra Mirghani

Affiliation Khartoum Center for Research and Medical Training, Khartoum, Sudan

Markus Schilhabel

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Lamprini Karygianni

Affiliation Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Elmar Hellwig

Affiliation Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Ateequr Rehman

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

Competing Interests

Ali Al-Ahmad is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AA DJ FE AR ACA. Performed the experiments: MS. Analyzed the data: ACA AR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FE YM. Wrote the manuscript: ACA AR AA. Revised the manuscript critically: LK DJ EH.