About the Authors

Justin Werfel

Contributed equally to this work with: Justin Werfel, Silva Krause

Affiliation Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Silva Krause

Contributed equally to this work with: Justin Werfel, Silva Krause

Affiliation Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ashley G. Bischof

Affiliations Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert J. Mannix

Affiliation Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Heather Tobin

Affiliation Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yaneer Bar-Yam

Affiliation New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert M. Bellin

Affiliation Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Donald E. Ingber

don.ingber@wyss.harvard.edu

Affiliations Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JW SK YBY RB DI. Performed the experiments: JW SK AB HT. Analyzed the data: JW SK RM DI. Wrote the paper: JW SK DI.