About the Authors

Zhen Zheng

Affiliations Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Long Chang

Affiliations Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Ivan Nekrashevich

Affiliations Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Paul Ruchhoeft

Affiliations Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Sakhrat Khizroev

Affiliation Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America

Dmitri Litvinov

Litvinov@uh.edu

Affiliations Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DL. Performed the experiments: ZZ. Analyzed the data: IN SK DL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PR LC. Wrote the manuscript: ZZ LC.