About the Authors

Mitsuaki Ono

Contributed equally to this work with: Mitsuaki Ono, Colette A. Inkson

Affiliations Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

Colette A. Inkson

Contributed equally to this work with: Mitsuaki Ono, Colette A. Inkson

Affiliations Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Robert Sonn

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Tina M. Kilts

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Luis F. de Castro

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Azusa Maeda

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Larry W. Fisher

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Pamela G. Robey

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Agnes D. Berendsen

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Li Li

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nancy McCartney-Francis

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Aaron C. Brown

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nigel P. S. Crawford

Affiliation Metastasis Genetics Section, Cancer Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Alfredo Molinolo

Affiliation Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Alka Jain

Affiliation Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Neal S. Fedarko

Affiliation Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Marian F. Young

myoung@dir.nicdr.nih.gov

Affiliation Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CAI MO RS TMK LWF NSF MFY. Performed the experiments: CAI MO RS LL TMK ADB LL NM-F ACB NPSC NSF AJ LFdC. Analyzed the data: CAI MO RS AM (Maeda) LWF PGR AM (Molinolo) NSF MFY. Wrote the paper: MFY.