About the Authors

David M. Lowe

d.lowe@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Research in Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Molebogeng X. Rangaka

Affiliation Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Fabiana Gordon

Affiliation Statistical Advisory Service, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Chris D. James

Current address: Oxford Policy Management, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation World Health Organisation Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines

Robert F. Miller

Affiliations Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DML MXR CDJ RFM. Performed the experiments: DML RFM. Analyzed the data: DML FG. Wrote the paper: DML MXR CDJ RFM.