About the Authors

Nicholas J. Loman

Affiliation Centre for Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Rebecca A. Gladstone

Affiliation Molecular Microbiology Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Chrystala Constantinidou

Affiliation Division of Microbiology and Infection, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Anna S. Tocheva

Affiliation Molecular Microbiology Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Johanna M. C. Jefferies

Affiliations Molecular Microbiology Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Southampton NIHR, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

Saul N. Faust

Affiliations Molecular Microbiology Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, NIHR, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom, Southampton NIHR, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

Leigh O’Connor

Affiliation Centre for Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Jacqueline Chan

Affiliation Division of Microbiology and Infection, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Mark J. Pallen

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Pallen, Stuart C. Clarke

m.pallen@warwick.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Microbiology and Infection, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Stuart C. Clarke

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Pallen, Stuart C. Clarke

Affiliations Molecular Microbiology Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Health Protection Agency, Southampton, United Kingdom, Southampton NIHR, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

SCC currently receives unrestricted research funding from Pfizer Vaccines (previously Wyeth Vaccines). JMJ and SCC have received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline. SNF acts as principal investigator for clinical trials conducted on behalf of Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust/University of Southampton that are sponsored by vaccine manufacturers but receives no personal payments from them. SNF has participated in advisory boards for vaccine manufacturers but receives no personal payments for this work. SNF, SCC and JMJ have received financial assistance from vaccine manufacturers to attend conferences. All grants and honoraria are paid into accounts within the respective NHS Trusts or Universities, or to independent charities. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SCC SF JJ MP NL. Performed the experiments: AT RG CC LO. Analyzed the data: RG NL JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SCC MP. Wrote the paper: RG JJ NL MP.