About the Authors

Fredrick L. Eyase

fredrickeyase@yahoo.com

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Hoseah M. Akala

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Luiser Ingasia

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Agnes Cheruiyot

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Angela Omondi

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Charles Okudo

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Dennis Juma

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Redemptah Yeda

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Ben Andagalu

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Elizabeth Wanja

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Edwin Kamau

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

David Schnabel

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Wallace Bulimo

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Norman C. Waters

Affiliation United States Military Academy, New York, New York, United States of America

Douglas S. Walsh

Affiliation Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

Jacob D. Johnson

Affiliation Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Nairobi, Kenya

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FE JJ DS NW DW. Performed the experiments: FE HA AC CO RY AO DJ LI WB LI. Analyzed the data: FE HA LI WB JJ EK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WB JJ DW DS. Wrote the paper: FE HA JJ DS DW EW EK BA.