About the Authors

Suwan Myung

Affiliations Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Y-H Percival Zhang

ypzhang@vt.edu

Affiliations Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Gate Fuels Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

Shell provided funding to this project. Author Y.-H.P.Z. is an employee of Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. and Gate Fuels Inc. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YPZ SM. Performed the experiments: SM. Analyzed the data: SM. Wrote the paper: SM YPZ.