About the Authors

Billy Fossog Tene

Contributed equally to this work with: Billy Fossog Tene, Rodolphe Poupardin

Affiliations Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon

Rodolphe Poupardin

Contributed equally to this work with: Billy Fossog Tene, Rodolphe Poupardin

Affiliation Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Carlo Costantini

Affiliation Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR IRD 224 Centre national de la recherche scientifique 5290 Université de Montpellier 1 Université de Montpellier 2, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France

Parfait Awono-Ambene

Affiliation Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Charles S. Wondji

Affiliation Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Hilary Ranson

Affiliation Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio

antonio_nk@yahoo.fr

Affiliations Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HR CSW CAN. Performed the experiments: BFT RP PAA CAN. Analyzed the data: RP CSW BFT CAN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CC RP. Wrote the paper: HR CAN. Analyzed the data and partially drafted the manuscript: RP BFT. Participated in the revision of the manuscript: CC CSW.