About the Authors

Maciej Strak

Affiliations Centre for Environmental Health (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Gerard Hoek

Affiliation Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Krystal J. Godri

Affiliations Environmental Research Group, MRC-HPA Centre for Environmental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ilse Gosens

Affiliation Centre for Environmental Health (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Ian S. Mudway

Affiliation Environmental Research Group, MRC-HPA Centre for Environmental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

René van Oerle

Affiliation Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Henri M. H. Spronk

Affiliation Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Flemming R. Cassee

Affiliations Centre for Environmental Health (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Erik Lebret

Affiliations Centre for Environmental Health (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Frank J. Kelly

Affiliation Environmental Research Group, MRC-HPA Centre for Environmental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Roy M. Harrison

Affiliations Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental Sciences / Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Bert Brunekreef

Affiliations Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Maaike Steenhof

Affiliation Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Nicole A. H. Janssen

nicole.janssen@rivm.nl

Affiliation Centre for Environmental Health (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Performed chemical and oxidative potential analyses: KJG. Assisted in and co-supervised oxidative potential analyses: ISM. Assisted in biomarkers measurements: RvO. Supervised biomarkers measurements: HMHS. Supervised oxidative potential analyses: FJK. Supervised chemical analyses: RMH. Project leader of RAPTES: NAHJ. Read and approved the manuscript: M. Strak GH KJG IG FRC ISM RvO HMHS FJK RMH BB EL M. Steenhof NAHJ. Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Strak GH IG FRC ISM FJK RMH BB EL M. Steenhof NAHJ. Performed the experiments: M. Strak M. Steenhof. Analyzed the data: M. Strak GH NAHJ. Wrote the paper: M. Strak GH BB EL NAHJ.