About the Authors

Benjamin P. Colman

benjamin.colman@duke.edu

Affiliations Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States of America,, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Christina L. Arnaout

Affiliations Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Sarah Anciaux

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Claudia K. Gunsch

Affiliations Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Michael F. Hochella Jr

Affiliations Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Bojeong Kim

Affiliations Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Gregory V. Lowry

Affiliations Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Bonnie M. McGill

Affiliation Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States of America,

Brian C. Reinsch

Affiliations Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Curtis J. Richardson

Affiliations Duke Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Jason M. Unrine

Affiliations University of Kentucky, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, United States of America, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Justin P. Wright

Affiliation Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States of America,

Liyan Yin

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Emily S. Bernhardt

Affiliations Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States of America,, Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Competing Interests

While one of our coauthors, JW, is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member, this fact does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the PLOS ONE guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Editing and revising the manuscript: BPC CLA SA CKG MFH BK GVL BMM BCR CJR JMU JPW LY ESB. Conceived and designed the experiments: ESB JPW BPC CKG CLA CJR. Performed the experiments: ESB BMM JPW BK BPC. Analyzed the data: BMM BK BPC SA JMU BCR GVL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ESB JPW MFH CJR. Wrote the paper: BPC ESB.