About the Authors

Asim Alam

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Paul Kurdyak

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada

Jason Klemensberg

Affiliation Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Joshua Griesman

Affiliation Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Toronto, Canada

Chaim M. Bell

cbell@mtsinai.on.ca

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AA CB. Performed the experiments: AA CB JK JG. Analyzed the data: AA CB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AA CB JK JG. Wrote the paper: AA PK CB.