About the Authors

Malcolm S. Hill

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

April L. Hill

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Jose Lopez

Affiliation Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America

Kevin J. Peterson

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Shirley Pomponi

Affiliation Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America

Maria C. Diaz

Affiliation Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard de Boca Del Rio, Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela

Robert W. Thacker

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Maja Adamska

Affiliation Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Thormøhlensgt, Bergen, Norway

Nicole Boury-Esnault

Affiliation IMBE-UMR7263 CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Station marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France

Paco Cárdenas

Affiliation Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Andia Chaves-Fonnegra

Affiliation Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America

Elizabeth Danka

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Bre-Onna De Laine

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Dawn Formica

Affiliation Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America

Eduardo Hajdu

Affiliation Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Gisele Lobo-Hajdu

Affiliation Departamento de Genética, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sarah Klontz

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Christine C. Morrow

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom

Jignasa Patel

Affiliation Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America

Bernard Picton

Affiliation National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

Davide Pisani

Affiliation School of Earth Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Deborah Pohlmann

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Niamh E. Redmond

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America

John Reed

Affiliation Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America

Stacy Richey

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Ana Riesgo

Affiliation Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ewelina Rubin

Affiliation Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America

Zach Russell

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Klaus Rützler

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Erik A. Sperling

Affiliation Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael di Stefano

Affiliation Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

James E. Tarver

Affiliation School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Allen G. Collins

collinsa@si.edu

Affiliations Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America, National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA's Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MSH ALH JL KJP SP MCD RWT EAS AGC. Performed the experiments: MSH ALH JL MA AC ED BD DF JP D. Pohlmann NER SR AR ER ZR EAS MdS JET. Analyzed the data: MSH D. Pisani AGC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SP JR. Wrote the paper: MSH ALH JL KJP MCD RWT MA NBE PC EH GLH SK CCM D. Pisani NER AR KR EAS AGC BP.