About the Authors
- Paolo Monini
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Aurelio Cafaro
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Indresh K. Srivastava
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Sonia Moretti
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Victoria A. Sharma
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Claudia Andreini
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Affiliation CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Chiara Chiozzini
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Flavia Ferrantelli
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Maria R. Pavone. Cossut
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Antonella Tripiciano
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Affiliations National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy, San Gallicano Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Filomena Nappi
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Current address: Department of National Center for Immunobiologicals Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Olimpia Longo
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Stefania Bellino
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Orietta Picconi
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Emanuele Fanales-Belasio
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Alessandra Borsetti
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Elena Toschi
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Current address: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Ilaria Schiavoni
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Current address: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Ilaria Bacigalupo
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Elaine Kan
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Leonardo Sernicola
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Maria T. Maggiorella
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Katy Montin
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Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Marco Porcu
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Affiliation CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Patrizia Leone
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Pasqualina Leone
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Current address: Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Barbara Collacchi
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Clelia Palladino
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Barbara Ridolfi
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Current address: Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Mario Falchi
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Iole Macchia
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Current address: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Jeffrey B. Ulmer
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stefano Buttò
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Cecilia Sgadari
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Mauro Magnani
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Affiliation Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Maurizio P. M. Federico
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Fausto Titti
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Lucia Banci
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Affiliation CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Franco Dallocchio
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Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Rino Rappuoli
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Siena, Italy
- Fabrizio Ensoli
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Affiliation San Gallicano Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Susan W. Barnett
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Affiliation Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Enrico Garaci
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Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Barbara Ensoli
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* E-mail: barbara.ensoli@iss.it
Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Competing Interests
IKS, VAS, EK, JBU, RR and SWB are employees of Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc. Novartis provided the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins as a partner in several collaborative studies (the European projects AVIP and MUVAPRED, the “Joint Program ISS/Novartis (Chiron) for the development of a combined vaccine against HIV/AIDS.” There is one patent to declare: Novel Tat complexes, and vaccines comprising them (Inventor: Ensoli B.; Applicant: ISS (100%); priority date March 11, 2004; N. PCT/EP2005/003043, Publication N. WO2005/090391). There are no products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: BE PM. Performed the experiments: VAS EK IKS SM MRPC IM ET IB CP Patrizia Leone EFB MPMF CA MP LB FT LS MTM MF FF AB IS JBU BR KM FD CC FN Pasqualina Leone BC CS. Analyzed the data: AC S. Bellino MM FE AT OL S. Buttò OP. Wrote the paper: BE PM AC. Coordinated the studies performed in Novartis: RR JBU SWB. Contributed to data analysis and discussion: EG.