About the Authors

Sanaa A. Ahmed

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Joy Awosika

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Carson Baldwin

Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Biswajit Biswas

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Stacey Broomall

Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

Patrick S. G. Chain

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Olga Chertkov

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Otar Chokoshvili

Current address: Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia

Affiliation South Caucasus Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia

Susan Coyne

Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Karen Davenport

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

J. Chris Detter

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

William Dorman

Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Tracy H. Erkkila

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Jason P. Folster

Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Kenneth G. Frey

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Matroner George

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Cheryl Gleasner

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Matthew Henry

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Karen K. Hill

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Kyle Hubbard

Current address: United States Army Medical Research Institute for Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Excet Inc, Springfield, Virginia, United States of America

Joseph Insalaco

Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Science Applications International Corporation, Abingdon, Maryland, United States of America

Shannon Johnson

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Aaron Kitzmiller

Affiliation BioTeam, Inc., Middleton, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael Krepps

Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Excet Inc, Springfield, Virginia, United States of America

Chien-Chi Lo

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Truong Luu

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Lauren A. McNew

Current address: Program Executive Office, C3T, Cryptographic Systems, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

Timothy Minogue

Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Christine A. Munk

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Brian Osborne

Affiliation BioTeam, Inc., Middleton, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mohit Patel

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Krista G. Reitenga

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

C. Nicole Rosenzweig

Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

April Shea

Affiliations United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, Team Ke’aki Tech, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Xiaohong Shen

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Nancy Strockbine

Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Cheryl Tarr

Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Hazuki Teshima

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Eric van Gieson

Affiliation Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Alexandria, Virginia, United States of America

Kathleen Verratti

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Mark Wolcott

Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Gary Xie

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Shanmuga Sozhamannan

Contributed equally to this work with: Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Henry S. Gibbons

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Henry S. Gibbons

Contributed equally to this work with: Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Henry S. Gibbons

henry.s.gibbons.civ@mail.mil

Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Aaron Kitzmiller and Brial Osborne are employees of Bioteam, Inc.; Kyle Hubbard, and Michael Krepps are employees of Excet Inc.; Susan Coyne and April Shea are employees of Team Ke’aki Tech. These companies provided contract labor and informatics support for this project. None of these companies have financial interests that would be influenced by the publication of this work. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SB HSG LAM TM CNR NS MW KBL BB SS JPF PSGC CD TE CG SJ CL KGR GX. Performed the experiments: SA JA CB CT KBL SB OC SC WD JPF KGF MG CG MH KKH KH JI TL LAM CAM KGR AS XS NS KV GX. Analyzed the data: SA CB KBL BB PSGC SC JPF HSG CG AK MDK TDM BO MP CNR AS SS MW GX. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: OChk. Wrote the paper: SA KBL BB KWD PSGC MH SLJ CCL TDM AS GX NS SS HSG.