About the Authors

Dominika Dykiert

ddykiert@staffmail.ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Geoff Der

Affiliations Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom

John M. Starr

Affiliation Geriatric Medicine Unit, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ian J. Deary

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: DD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DD GD IJD JMS. Wrote the paper: DD. Conceived and designed the review: DD GD IJD JMS. Performed the review and data extraction: DD. Designed analysis plan: DD GD IJD JMS. Provided comments on the manuscript: GD IJD JMS.