About the Authors

Pingzhao Hu

Contributed equally to this work with: Pingzhao Hu, Xinchen Wang

Affiliation The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Xinchen Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Pingzhao Hu, Xinchen Wang

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jack J. Haitsma

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Suleiman Furmli

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Hussain Masoom

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mingyao Liu

Affiliation Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Yumiko Imai

Affiliation Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita City, Akita, Japan

Arthur S. Slutsky

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Joseph Beyene

Affiliation Program in Population Genomics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Celia M. T. Greenwood

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Claudia dos Santos

dossantosc@smh.toronto.on.ca

Affiliation Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CdS PH XW CG JB. Performed the experiments: PH XW JH SF YI HM. Analyzed the data: CdS PH YI XW JH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CdC JH PH ASS ML. Wrote the paper: PH XW CdS.