About the Authors

Kelly C. Clause

Contributed equally to this work with: Kelly C. Clause, Jason Tchao

Affiliations Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jason Tchao

Contributed equally to this work with: Kelly C. Clause, Jason Tchao

Affiliations Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mary C. Powell

Affiliation Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Li J. Liu

Affiliations Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Johnny Huard

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, McGowan Institutes for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Bradley B. Keller

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Kimimasa Tobita

kit3@pitt.edu

Affiliations Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, McGowan Institutes for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

Johnny Huard is a PLoS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors‘ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist in this study.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KCC JT KT. Performed the experiments: KCC JT MCP LJL KT. Analyzed the data: KCC JT MCP LJL JH BBK KT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BBK KT. Wrote the paper: KCC JT LJL JH BBK KT.