About the Authors

Sandra A. Springer

Sandra.springer@yale.edu

Affiliation Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Jingjun Qiu

Affiliation Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Ali Shabahang Saber-Tehrani

Affiliation Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Frederick L. Altice

Affiliations Section of Infectious Disease, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, The Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence on Research in AIDS, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia

Competing Interests

Buprenorprhine/naloxone was provided free of charge from Reckitt Benckiser through a contractual arrangement with the National Institutes on Drug Abuse. This does not alter the authors‘ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SAS FLA. Performed the experiments: SAS. Analyzed the data: SAS JQ ASST FLA. Wrote the paper: SAS FLA.