About the Authors

Mingli Liu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Audu S. Amodu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Sidney Pitts

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

John Patrickson

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Jacqueline M. Hibbert

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Monica Battle

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Jonathan K. Stiles

jstiles@msm.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ML JKS JMH SFOA. Performed the experiments: ML ASA SP JP MB. Analyzed the data: ML ASA SP JP JKS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML ASA SP JP. Wrote the paper: ML JKS. Designed the software used in analysis: ML JKS. Obtained permission for use of cell line: ML JKS.