About the Authors
- Itsuro Koizumi
-
* E-mail: itsuro@cris.hokudai.ac.jp
Affiliations Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Nisikawa Usio
-
Affiliations Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, Center for Toki and Ecological Restoration, Niigata University, Sado, Japan
- Tadashi Kawai
-
Affiliation Fisheries Research Department, Wakkanai Fisheries Research Institute, Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan
- Noriko Azuma
-
Affiliation Nodai Bioresource Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
- Ryuichi Masuda
-
Affiliation Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: IK NU TK RM. Performed the experiments: IK NU TK NA RM. Analyzed the data: IK. Wrote the paper: IK NU.