About the Authors

Ramin Shakeri

Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Farin Kamangar

Affiliations Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Dariush Nasrollahzadeh

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Mehdi Nouraie

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Hooman Khademi

Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Arash Etemadi

Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Farhad Islami

Affiliations International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Hajiamin Marjani

Affiliation Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Saman Fahimi

Affiliations University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Alireza Sepehr

Affiliations Department of Pathology, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Atieh Rahmati

Affiliations Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Christian C. Abnet

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sanford M. Dawsey

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Paul Brennan

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Paolo Boffetta

Affiliations The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France

Reza Malekzadeh

Affiliation Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Reza Majdzadeh

rezamajd@tums.ac.ir

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Knowledge Utilization Research Center (KURC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AS AE FK R. Malekzadeh DN MN P. Boffetta AE CCA SMD P. Brennan R. Majdzadeh. Performed the experiments: DN HK FE HM SF AS R. Majdzadeh P. Brennan CCA SMD AE P. Boffetta. Analyzed the data: RS DN FK AR RM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RS R. Malekzadeh CA. Wrote the paper: RS FK DN AE FI AR CCA SMD P. Boffetta R. Majdzadeh.