About the Authors

Encheng Sun

Affiliations The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Jing Zhao

Affiliations The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Nihong Liu

Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

Tao Yang

Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

Qingyuan Xu

Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

Yongli Qin

Affiliations The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Zhigao Bu

Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

Yinhui Yang

Affiliation Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Ross A. Lunt

Affiliation Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, Geelong, Australia

Linfa Wang

Affiliation Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, Geelong, Australia

Donglai Wu

dlwu@hvri.ac.cn

Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DLW. Performed the experiments: ECS JZ. Analyzed the data: TY QYX YLQ NHL. Wrote the paper: ECS JZ. Supplied the equine serum against WNV: RAL Supplied the results of IFA: YHY Supplied the WNV NS1 gene: ZGB Revised the manuscript: DLW LFW.