About the Authors

Gilles Kayem

Affiliation National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jennifer Kurinczuk

Affiliations National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Gwyneth Lewis

Affiliations National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Health, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries, London, United Kingdom

Shona Golightly

Affiliation Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries, London, United Kingdom

Peter Brocklehurst

Affiliation Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Marian Knight

marian.knight@npeu.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JK GL SG PB MK. Performed the experiments: MK. Analyzed the data: GK JK GL SG PB MK. Wrote the paper: GK JK GL SG PB MK.