About the Authors

Joana Matzen da Silva

joanamatzen@yahoo.com (JMdS); g.r.carvalho@bangor.ac.uk (GRC)

Affiliations Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre for Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Antonina dos Santos

Affiliation Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, L-IPIMAR, Lisboa, Portugal

Marina R. Cunha

Affiliation Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Filipe O. Costa

Affiliation Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

Simon Creer

Affiliation Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre for Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom

Gary R. Carvalho

joanamatzen@yahoo.com (JMdS); g.r.carvalho@bangor.ac.uk (GRC)

Affiliation Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre for Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMdS AdS. Performed the experiments: JMdS. Analyzed the data: JMdS AdS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMdS AdS MRC FOC SC GRC. Wrote the paper: JMdS SC GRC.