About the Authors

Michael J. Polito

mjp7454@uncw.edu

Affiliation Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America

Wayne Z. Trivelpiece

Affiliation Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Nina J. Karnovsky

Affiliation Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America

Elizabeth Ng

Affiliation Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America

William P. Patterson

Affiliation Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Steven D. Emslie

Affiliation Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MJP WZT SDE. Performed the experiments: MJP WZT EN NJK. Analyzed the data: MJP WZT NJK WPP. Wrote the paper: MJP NJK WPP SDE.