About the Authors

Daniel E. Sonenshine

dsonensh@odu.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Brooke W. Bissinger

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Noble Egekwu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Kevin V. Donohue

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Sayed M. Khalil

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

R. Michael Roe

Affiliation Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DES RMR. Performed the experiments: DES KVD NE. Analyzed the data: BWB SMK KVD DES. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DES KVD BWB NE. Wrote the paper: DES RMR. GO (Level III) analyses, figures and multiple sequence alignments: BWB. qPCR assays and protein gels: NE. Revising and rewriting of manuscript and approved final version to be published: RMR DES.