About the Authors

Simon Blanford

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Mueller Laboratory, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Merkle Lab, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Wangpeng Shi

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Merkle Lab, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Key Laboratory for Biological Control, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China

Riann Christian

Affiliations Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

James H. Marden

Affiliation Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Lizette L. Koekemoer

Affiliations Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Basil D. Brooke

Affiliations Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Maureen Coetzee

Affiliations Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Andrew F. Read

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Mueller Laboratory, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Merkle Lab, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Matthew B. Thomas

mbt13@psu.edu

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Merkle Lab, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SB AFR MBT. Performed the experiments: SB WS RC LLK BDB. Analyzed the data: SB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JHM MC. Wrote the paper: SB AFR MBT.