About the Authors

Rajesh Chandramohanadas

Affiliation Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore

YongKeun Park

Current address: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Affiliation George R. Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lena Lui

Affiliation Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore

Ang Li

Affiliation Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore

David Quinn

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kingsley Liew

Affiliation Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore

Monica Diez-Silva

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yongjin Sung

Affiliation George R. Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ming Dao

prpreiser@ntu.edu (PRP); mingdao@mit.edu (MD)

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Chwee Teck Lim

Affiliation National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Peter Rainer Preiser

prpreiser@ntu.edu (PRP); mingdao@mit.edu (MD)

Affiliation Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

Subra Suresh

Affiliations Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RC YKP MD PRP SS. Performed the experiments: RC YKP LL DQ LA KL. Analyzed the data: RC YKP CTL MD PRP SS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KL MD-S YS. Wrote the paper: RC MD PRP SS.