About the Authors

Ranjani K. Paradise

Affiliation Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Douglas A. Lauffenburger

Affiliation Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Krystyn J. Van Vliet

krystyn@mit.edu

Affiliations Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RKP KJVV DAL. Performed the experiments: RKP. Analyzed the data: RKP KJVV DAL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KJVV DAL. Wrote the manuscript: RKP KJVV DAL.