About the Authors

Margarida Carrolo

Contributed equally to this work with: Margarida Carrolo, Maria João Frias

Affiliation Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

Maria João Frias

Contributed equally to this work with: Margarida Carrolo, Maria João Frias

Affiliation Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

Francisco Rodrigues Pinto

Affiliation Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal

José Melo-Cristino

Affiliation Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

Mário Ramirez

ramirez@fm.ul.pt

Affiliation Instituto de Microbiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts. J.M.C. has received research grants administered through his university and has consulted and received honoraria for speaking from Pfizer, Bial, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis. M.R. has consulted for Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. The remaining authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MC MJF FRP JM-C MR. Performed the experiments: MC MJF. Analyzed the data: MC MJF FRP MR. Wrote the paper: MC MJF FRP JM-C MR.