About the Authors

Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas

eg318@cam.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Zheng Ye

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Cooper

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stephen J. Sharp

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Robert Luben

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mary L. Biggs

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Liang-Kung Chen

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

Kuppan Gokulakrishnan

Affiliation Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India

Markolf Hanefeld

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Study, Gesellschaft für Wissens- und Technologietransfer, Technisches Universität Dresden GmBH, Dresden, Germany

Erik Ingelsson

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Wen-An Lai

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

Shih-Yi Lin

Affiliation Division of Endrocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

Lars Lind

Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

Vitool Lohsoonthorn

Affiliation Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

Viswanathan Mohan

Affiliation Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India

Antonio Muscari

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Nephrological Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Goran Nilsson

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Vasteras, Sweden

John Ohrvik

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Jiang Chao Qiang

Affiliation Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China

Nancy Swords Jenny

Affiliation Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

Koji Tamakoshi

Affiliation Department of Nursing, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev

Affiliations Centre for Clinical Study, Gesellschaft für Wissens- und Technologietransfer, Technisches Universität Dresden GmBH, Dresden, Germany, Medicobiological Unit, International Scientific Institute, National Sports Academy and “Robert Koch” German Medical Center, Sofia, Bulgaria

Ya-Yu Wang

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan

Chittaranjan Sakerlal Yajnik

Affiliation King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India

Marco Zoli

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Nephrological Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Kay-Tee Khaw

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nita G. Forouhi

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nicholas J. Wareham

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Claudia Langenberg

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: SJS EI. Conceived study, performed data collection and analysis, wrote the manuscript: EG-K. Analyzed EPIC Norfolk data and performed the meta-analysis: EG-K. Performed data collection for the meta-analysis, contributed to writing the final manuscript: ZY. Contributed to the last version of the manuscript: AJC. Commented on several versions of the manuscript and provided statistical expertise: SJS. Cohort PI for EPIC Norfolk, provided data from EPIC Norfolk for analysis: RL. Data ownership and data analysis for respective cohort: MLB L-KC JO. Data ownership for respective cohort: KG EI. Cohort PI and data ownership for respective cohort: MH LL VM GN JCQ KT CSY MZ. Cohort PI for respective cohort: W-AL. Data analysis for respective cohort: S-YL NSJ Y-YW. Cohort PI, data ownership and data analysis for respective cohort: VL AM TT-K. Cohort PI for EPIC-Norfolk: K-TK. Contributed to study design, commented on final versions of paper: NGF. Contributed to study design, suggested analysis, commented on several versions of paper, made significant contributions to sections of paper: NJW. EPIC-Norfolk PI with data ownership: NJW. Contributed to study design, suggested analysis, commented on all versions of paper, made significant contributions to sections of paper: CL.