About the Authors

Brenda Konar

bkonar@guru.uaf.edu

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Katrin Iken

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Juan José Cruz-Motta

Affiliation Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Centro de Biodiversidad Marina, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela

Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Pisa, Italy

Ann Knowlton

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Gerhard Pohle

Affiliation Atlantic Reference Centre, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada

Patricia Miloslavich

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Pisa, Italy

Matt Edwards

Affiliation Biology Department, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America

Thomas Trott

Affiliation Department of Biology, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Edward Kimani

Affiliation Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya

Rafael Riosmena-Rodriguez

Affiliation Programa de Investigación en Botánica Marina, Departamento de Biologia Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

Melisa Wong

Affiliation Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

Stuart Jenkins

Affiliation School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, United Kingdom

Angelica Silva

Affiliation Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

Isabel Sousa Pinto

Affiliation CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Yoshihisa Shirayama

Affiliation Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BK KI JJCM LBC GP PM EK YS. Performed the experiments: BK KI JJCM LBC ALK GP PM ME TT EK RRR MW SJ AS ISP YS. Analyzed the data: BK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BK KI JJCM LBC ALK GP PM ME TT EK RRR MW SJ AS ISP YS. Wrote the paper: BK KI JJCM LBC ALK GP PM ME TT EK RRR MW SJ AS ISP YS.