About the Authors

Marion Liberloo

Contributed equally to this work with: Marion Liberloo, Sebastiaan Luyssaert

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium

Sebastiaan Luyssaert

Contributed equally to this work with: Marion Liberloo, Sebastiaan Luyssaert

sebastiaan.luyssaert@lsce.ipsl.fr

Affiliation Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), Unité mixte (UM) de Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin Yvelines (UVSQ), Gif sur Yvette, France

Valentin Bellassen

Affiliation Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), Unité mixte (UM) de Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin Yvelines (UVSQ), Gif sur Yvette, France

Sylvestre Njakou Djomo

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium

Martin Lukac

Affiliation Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom

Carlo Calfapietra

Affiliation Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Italy

Ivan A. Janssens

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium

Marcel R. Hoosbeek

Affiliation Department of Environmental Sciences, Earth System Science – Climate Change, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Nicolas Viovy

Affiliation Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), Unité mixte (UM) de Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin Yvelines (UVSQ), Gif sur Yvette, France

Galina Churkina

Affiliation Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany

Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza

Affiliation Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Italy

Reinhart Ceulemans

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Wilrijk, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ML ML CC MRH GSM RC. Performed the experiments: ML CC MRH. Analyzed the data: ML SL SND IAJ RC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML SL VB SND IAJ NV GC. Wrote the paper: ML SL VB ML CC IAJ GC RC.