About the Authors

Byoung Woo Kim

Contributed equally to this work with: Byoung Woo Kim, Hans C. Breiter

Affiliations Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David N. Kennedy

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joseph Lehár

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Myung Joo Lee

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anne J. Blood

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sang Lee

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Roy H. Perlis

Affiliations Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jordan W. Smoller

Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert Morris

Affiliation Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Maurizio Fava

Affiliation Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hans C. Breiter

Contributed equally to this work with: Byoung Woo Kim, Hans C. Breiter

hbreiter@partners.org

Affiliations Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

for the Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders (PGP)

Competing Interests

Dr. Perlis has has received research support, advisory or consulting fees, or speaking fees or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Elan/Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group and has equity holdings in and patents for Concordant Rater Systems, LLC. Dr. Smoller has received honoraria from Hoffman-La Roche, Inc, and served on an advisory board for Roche Diagnostics Corporation. He has consulted to Eli Lilly, the Herman Dana Trust and RTI, International. Dr. Fava has received research support from: Abbott Laboratories, Alkermes, Aspect Medical Systems, Astra-Zeneca, BioResearch, BrainCells, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon, Clinical Trial Solutions,LLC, Eli Lilly & Company, EnVivo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ganeden, GlaxoSmithkline, J & J Pharmaceuticals, Lichtwer Pharma GmbH, Lorex Pharmaceuticals, NARSAD, NCCAM, NIDA, NIMH, Novartis, Organon Inc., PamLab, LLC, Pfizer Inc, Pharmavite, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Shire, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Synthelabo, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. He has performed advising/consultation with: Abbott Laboratories, Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG, Amarin, Aspect Medical Systems, Astra-Zeneca, Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Best Practice Project Management, Inc, BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,Biovail Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BrainCells, Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon, Clinical Trials Solutions,LLC, CNS Response, Compellis, Cypress Pharmaceuticals, Dov Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Inc., Eli Lilly & Company, EPIX Pharmaceuticals, Euthymics Bioscience, Inc., Fabre-Kramer, Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Grunenthal GmBH, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, J & J Pharmaceuticals, Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, Labopharm, Lorex Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, MedAvante Inc., Merck, Methylation Sciences, Neuronetics, Novartis, Nutrition 21, Organon Inc., PamLab, LLC, Pfizer Inc, PharmaStar, Pharmavite, Precision Human Biolaboratory, Prexa Pharmaceuticals, Inc., PsychoGenics, Psylin Neurosciences, Inc., Ridge Diagnostics, Inc., Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Sepracor, Schering-Plough, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Somaxon, Somerset Pharmaceuticals, Synthelabo, Takeda, Tetragenex, TransForm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. He has performed speaking for: Adamed, Co., Advanced Meeting Partners, American Psychiatric Association, American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Astra-Zeneca, Belvoir, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon, Eli Lilly & Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Imedex, Novartis, Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, PharmaStar, MGH Psychiatry Academy/Primedia, MGH Psychiatry Academy/Reed-Elsevier, UBC, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. He has equity holdings in Compellis, and receives royalties and patent license returns for: Patent for SPCD and patent application for a combination of azapirones and bupropion in MDD, copyright royalties for the MGH CPFQ, SFI, ATRQ, DESS, and SAFER.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BWK RHP JWS RM MF HCB. Performed the experiments: BWK MJL AJB SL RHP JWS RM MF HCB. Analyzed the data: BWK DNK JL MJL AJB SL RHP HCB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BWK DNK JL MJL AJB JWS HCB. Wrote the paper: HCB. Planned analyses: HCB. Programmed primary analysis tools and simulations: BWK. Advised HCB and BWK with initial data analysis, and then worked with HCB and JL to integrate data results: DNK. Independently analyzed and confirmed analysis results from HCB and BWK: JL. Worked with HCB and DNK to integrate data results, and guided noise analyses: JL. Managed the database for all three experiments: MJL. Guided the integration of results with the neuroscience and reward/aversion literature, and interpretation thereof: AJB. Significantly involved with data acquisition, quality assurance, and Institutional Review Board compliance: SL. Chaired the project Publications Committee, which included HCB, AJB, JWS, and MF: RHP. Chaired the Project Management Group, which included HCB, AJB, RHP, and MF: JWS. Made important contributions to data acquisition, and optimization of the experimental protocol: RM. Provided management guidance for the overall project, along with departmental support and infrastructure: MF. Primary contact with the project Scientific Advisory Board: MF. PI of the project, and primary contributor of concepts in the paper along with integration of effort across the 11 authors: HCB. Involved with revising and editing numerous paper drafts: BWK DNK JL MJL AJB SL RHP JWS RM MF. Project effort was similar for: (1) BWK HCB (2) DNK JL MJL AJB SL (3) RHP JWS RM MF.