About the Authors

Jörg U. Ganzhorn

ganzhorn@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de

Affiliation Biozentrum Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Summer Arrigo-Nelson

Current address: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, California University of Pennsylvania, California, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Sue Boinski

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

An Bollen

Current address: Madagascar Faunal Group, Tamatave, Madagascar

Affiliation University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Wilrijk, Belgium and Center for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Valentina Carrai

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Abigail Derby

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Giuseppe Donati

Current address: Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Anthropology and Geography, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Andreas Koenig

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Martin Kowalewski

Current address: Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples de Corrientes (EBCo), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales-CONICET, San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Petra Lahann

Affiliations Biozentrum Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Forschungsinstitut für die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Dummerstorf, Germany

Ivan Norscia

Current address: Centro Interdipartimentale, Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Università di Pisa, Calci (Pisa), Italy

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Sandra Y. Polowinsky

Affiliation Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom

Christoph Schwitzer

Affiliation Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom

Pablo R. Stevenson

Current address: Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Mauricio G. Talebi

Current address: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brasil

Affiliation Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Chia Tan

Current address: Conservation and Research for Endangered Species (CRES), The Zoological Society of San Diego, Escondido, California, United States of America

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Erin R. Vogel

Current address: Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Affiliation Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Patricia C. Wright

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JUG CS PW. Performed the experiments: JUG SJAN SB AB VC AD GD AK MK PL IN SYP CS PRS MGT CT ERV. Analyzed the data: JUG SJAN AB VC AD GD AK MK PL IN SYP CS PRS MGT CT ERV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JUG SJAN AB VC AD GD AK MK PL IN SYP CS PRS MGT CT ERV. Wrote the paper: JUG SJAN AD GD AK MK CS PRS ERV.