About the Authors

Michael V. Holmes

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Tina Shah

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Christine Vickery

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Liam Smeeth

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Aroon D. Hingorani

Contributed equally to this work with: Aroon D. Hingorani, Juan P. Casas

a.hingorani@ucl.ac.uk (ADH); Juan.Pablo-Casas@lshtm.ac.uk (JPC)

Affiliations Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Juan P. Casas

Contributed equally to this work with: Aroon D. Hingorani, Juan P. Casas

a.hingorani@ucl.ac.uk (ADH); Juan.Pablo-Casas@lshtm.ac.uk (JPC)

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Aroon Hingorani is on the Editorial Board of the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (International Society of Drug Bulletins). He has received honoraria for speaking at educational meetings with a pharmaceutical sponsor but has donated these in whole or part to various medical charities. He has acted as a consultant to London Genetics and to GSK.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MVH AH JPC. Performed the experiments: MVH TS CV AH JPC. Analyzed the data: MVH AH JPC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MVH TS LS AH JPC. Wrote the paper: MVH LS AH JPC.