About the Authors

David W. Sims

dws@mba.ac.uk

Affiliations Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Nuno Queiroz

Affiliations Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom, CIBIO – Universidade de Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal

Nicolas E. Humphries

Affiliation Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Fernando P. Lima

Affiliations CIBIO – Universidade de Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal, Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America

Graeme C. Hays

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DWS GCH. Performed the experiments: NQ FPL. Analyzed the data: DWS NQ FPL GCH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NEH. Wrote the paper: DWS GCH.